{
  "id": "viking-paleodemography",
  "title": "Viking paleodemography",
  "question": "What can different skeletal and archaeological samples tell us about health, age at death, and movement?",
  "scope": "Ribe, Birka, and Varnhem as contrasting study designs; selected North Atlantic and British sites as examples of chronology and sample selection.",
  "source_ids": [
    "ribe",
    "birka",
    "varnhem",
    "lanse",
    "greenland",
    "weymouth"
  ],
  "search_date": "2026-09-08",
  "strategies": [
    "Ribe cemetery 943 skeletons 38.5 38.6 medieval lifespan study",
    "site.journals.plos.org Varnhem 0295282 171 133 38 teeth 3293",
    "site.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Birka female Viking warrior genomics 2017 581 Hedenstierna Jonson",
    "site.nature.com L Anse aux Meadows 1021 2021 evidence Europeans Americas",
    "Weymouth Ridgeway Hill 54 skeletons Oxford Archaeology Viking burial report"
  ],
  "editorial_note": "Cemetery age-at-death distributions, an individual genome, dental prevalence, and dated wood are different kinds of evidence. Keep Viking Age, cross-period, and later Norse material separate. Abstract review is explicitly labeled where full tables were not reviewed.",
  "exhibit": "atlases/viking/",
  "exhibit_label": "Viking Health Atlas",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "ribe",
      "title": "A millennium of population change in pre-modern Danish Ribe",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31465086/",
      "published_date": "2019",
      "review_status": "Reviewed abstract",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "The 943 adult skeletons span Viking, medieval, and post-medieval periods. Period-specific sample counts require the full tables."
    },
    {
      "id": "birka",
      "title": "Hedenstierna-Jonson et al. A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23308",
      "published_date": "2017-09-08",
      "review_status": "Reviewed methods and discussion",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "Genomic sex, grave context, and an individual’s participation in combat are different inferences."
    },
    {
      "id": "varnhem",
      "title": "Bertilsson et al. Caries prevalence and other dental pathological conditions in Vikings from Varnhem, Sweden",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295282",
      "published_date": "2023-12-13",
      "review_status": "Reviewed full text",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "Report individual and tooth denominators separately; the sample is selected by preservation of jaws."
    },
    {
      "id": "lanse",
      "title": "Kuitems et al. Evidence for European presence in the Americas in AD 1021",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03972-8",
      "published_date": "2021-10-20",
      "review_status": "Reviewed article",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "A precise date for worked wood does not establish a settlement duration or disease transmission."
    },
    {
      "id": "greenland",
      "title": "Borreggine et al. Sea-level rise in Southwest Greenland as a contributor to Viking abandonment",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2209615120",
      "published_date": "2023",
      "review_status": "Reviewed abstract",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "An environmental model concerns a potential contributor to later Norse abandonment, not an observed epidemic."
    },
    {
      "id": "weymouth",
      "title": "Loe et al. Given to the Ground: A Viking Age Mass Grave on Ridgeway Hill, Weymouth",
      "url": "https://eprints.oxfordarchaeology.com/5870/",
      "published_date": "2014",
      "review_status": "Reviewed repository description and introductory chapter",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-08",
      "editorial_note": "A mass execution is a selected mortality assemblage; it cannot estimate the population’s usual mortality."
    }
  ]
}