Essay

Disease and Population Collapse After 1492

A careful look at disease, colonial disruption, Indigenous population collapse, Old World pathogens, and the limits of simple post-1492 stories.

Indexed essay January 11, 2026 By Devin Teichrow infectious diseasecolumbian exchangeHistoryAmericas1493

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Pathogen Geography

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disease population collapse Americas

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By Devin Teichrow. Published January 11, 2026.

Overview

A careful look at disease, colonial disruption, Indigenous population collapse, Old World pathogens, and the limits of simple post-1492 stories.

The story of disease in the Americas post-1492 is usually told in a blunt manner, with Europeans arriving, Old World pathogens hitching a ride, and then causing a total collapse of the Indigenous Populations.

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