Lead outbreak file
Hantavirus and cruise-ship outbreak
The Eastleigh Voice now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
The Pathogen Dispatch
Unified desk navigation
The Edge of Epidemiology • Infectious disease intelligence desk
The Pathogen Dispatch
by The Edge of Epidemiology
Advanced search
Open structured filters and quick outbreak shortcuts only when you need them.
Search filters the visible cards on this page and the archive list.
Lead Outbreak Files
The top active files reporters should scan first before dropping into the wider desk.
Live story file
Avian influenza and H5N1
CDC MMWR now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
Live story file
Measles transmission and vaccination
The lead item has changed to [Japan reports more than 400 measles cases in first four months of 2026](https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/japan-reports-more-than-400-measles) from Outbreak News Today.
Live story file
Tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance
1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Move between the main desk, active outbreak files, the reference layer, and the backfile.
What Changed Today
The front page for the day: one short scan, one lead strip, and the secondary readings worth opening next.
Front-Page Scan
- Stoltzfus Family Dairy Recalls Sour Cream and Onion Cheese Curds Because of Possible Health Risk
- Fatal Human Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N5) in a Backyard Flock Owner
- Serologic Evidence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Veterinary Professional Exposed to an Infected Domestic Cat - Los Angeles County, California, December 2024-January 2025
- 59 000 deaths: Europe off track for Sustainable Development Goal targets for HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and STIs
- JCB Flavors, LLC Issues Voluntary Recall of Topical Seasonings Due to Potential Health Risk
- Dengue fever in Sri Lanka: More than 25,000 cases reported in 2026 to date
- Sustained reduction in program-reported TB death rate in six districts following Tamil Nadu Kasanoi Erappila Thittam in southern India.
- From US to Singapore, countries race to track hantavirus
- 2 source(s) failed during collection: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, USDA APHIS Avian Influenza.
Lead News Strip
Lead file • Outbreaks and emerging infections
Stoltzfus Family Dairy Recalls Sour Cream and Onion Cheese Curds Because of Possible Health Risk
Stoltzfus Family Dairy of Vernon Center, NY is recalling Sour Cream & Onion cheese curds because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune
Why it matters: Directly relevant to outbreak detection, transmission monitoring, or response. Comes from an official or primary-source channel.
Caveats / uncertainty: The summary stays close to the source language and should be read as an initial source note, not a final interpretation.
Occupational and environmental epidemiology
Fatal Human Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N5) in a Backyard Flock Owner
Oltean, PhD 1 ,2 ; Lisa Leitz 3 ; Emma Krause 3 ; Debra Barrett 3 ; Anna Halloran, MHPA 1 ; Kyle Yomogida, PhD 1 ; Beth Lipton, DVM 1 ; Keely Paris, MPH 1 ; Jared Keirn, MS 1 ; Minden Buswell, DVM 1 ; Allison Black, PhD 1 ; Pauline Trinh, PhD 1 ; Theresa Murray, MT 1 ; Roberto Bonaccorso 1 ; Leticia Banuelos 1 ; Ethan Dieringer 1 ; Jennifer Lenahan, MPH 4 ; Emily Spence Davizon, MPH 4 ; Ellyn P. Greninger, MD, PhD 8 ; Stephanie Goya, PhD 8 ; Sierra Gulla 9 ; Jennifer Young, MPH 9 ; Sierra Kerns-Funk, MPH 10 ; Brianna da Silva Bhatia, MD 10 ; Hollianne Bruce, MPH 11 ; Krista Kniss, MPH 12 ; Katie Reinhart, PhD 12 ; Rachel Ohlstein 13 ; Shannon Johnson 13 ; Christina Schofield, MD 14 ; Patrick Smith, DO 14 ; Amber Itle, VMD 15 ; Maura Gibson, DVM 16 ; Brandi Torrevillas 17 ; Azeza Falghoush, PhD 17 ; Thomas B. Valenciano, MD 4 ; John Lynch, MD 5 ,7 ; Vanessa Makarewicz, MN 7 ; Chloe Bryson-Cahn, MD 5 ,7 ; Jennifer Hernandez 7 ; Kyla Haggith 7 ; Valicia Linn 7 ; Alex L.
Occupational and environmental epidemiology
Serologic Evidence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Veterinary Professional Exposed to an Infected Domestic Cat - Los Angeles County, California, December 2024-January 2025
During November 2024–January 2025, a total of 139 persons exposed to 19 A(H5N1)-infected domestic cats that consumed raw animal products were identified in Los Angeles County, California. Levine 4 ; Jamie Middleton 3, *; Annabelle de St. Maurice 2, * ( View author affiliations ) Transmission of influenza A(H5N1) viruses from domestic cats to humans has not been documented.
Policy, surveillance, and public health infrastructure
59 000 deaths: Europe off track for Sustainable Development Goal targets for HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and STIs
More action remains necessary to prevent thousands of annual deaths and slow the rising number of STI diagnoses across Europe. Despite advancements in detection and treatment, a new report reveals severe shortfalls in reaching the indicators for the Sustainable Development Goal target for HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 2030.
Outbreaks and emerging infections
JCB Flavors, LLC Issues Voluntary Recall of Topical Seasonings Due to Potential Health Risk
JCB Flavors, LLC of Watertown, Wisconsin, is voluntarily recalling select topical seasoning products due to the potential presence of Salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.
Global Watch
Major outbreaks, regional developments, and the cross-border signals worth following now.
Major Story Files
Lead outbreak file
Hantavirus and cruise-ship outbreak
The Eastleigh Voice now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
Lead outbreak file
Avian influenza and H5N1
CDC MMWR now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
Lead outbreak file
Measles transmission and vaccination
The lead item has changed to [Japan reports more than 400 measles cases in first four months of 2026](https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/japan-reports-more-than-400-measles) from Outbreak News Today.
Lead outbreak file
Tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance
1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Lead outbreak file
COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
New source(s) joined this story cluster: CIDRAP.
What Changed In Active Files
Outbreak File
Hantavirus and cruise-ship outbreak
Lancet study finds significant child death reduction from malaria vaccine in Africa
- The Eastleigh Voice now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
- New publisher/source coverage joined this story cluster: The Eastleigh Voice.
- The lead item has changed to [Lancet study finds significant child death reduction from malaria vaccine in Africa](https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/health/346943/lancet-study-finds-significant-child-death-reduction-from-malaria-vaccine-in-africa?amp\=1) from The Eastleigh Voice.
- 4 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Outbreak File
Avian influenza and H5N1
Fatal Human Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N5) in a Backyard Flock Owner
- CDC MMWR now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
- New publisher/source coverage joined this story cluster: LatestLY, MSN, wicz.com.
- Story volume increased from 4 to 5 clustered item(s) in the current window.
- 3 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Outbreak File
Tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance
- 1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Outbreak File
Measles transmission and vaccination
Japan reports more than 400 measles cases in first four months of 2026
- The lead item has changed to [Japan reports more than 400 measles cases in first four months of 2026](https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/japan-reports-more-than-400-measles) from Outbreak News Today.
Regional Watch
Regional outbreak watch
East Asia
Regional outbreak watch
Middle East
Regional outbreak watch
Africa
Regional outbreak watch
North America
Regional outbreak watch
Europe
Regional outbreak watch
Latin America and Caribbean
Regional outbreak watch
South Asia
Research + Reference
The evergreen layer: disease intelligence sheets, outbreak backstory, literature worth saving, and the historical corner.
Disease Intelligence Desk
Reference
Hantavirus syndrome
Pathogen: Hantaviruses, including Andes virus in the Americas
Transmission: Rodent exposure; limited person-to-person transmission has been documented for Andes virus
This is a rare but frightening severe-disease story where a single unusual cluster can force questions about travel safety, rodent exposure, and whether Andes-virus-style person-to-person spread is in play.
Reference
Measles
Pathogen: Measles virus
Transmission: Airborne and respiratory
Measles is a clean reporter desk disease because it reveals vaccination gaps, school and household spread, travel-linked importation, and public-health capacity all at once.
Reference
Anthrax
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis
Transmission: Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Anthrax is a strong local accountability story because livestock practices, slaughter exposure, and rural reporting gaps can hide serious outbreaks in plain sight.
Reference
Avian influenza A(H5N1)
Pathogen: Influenza A(H5N1)
Transmission: Animal-to-human exposure; no sustained person-to-person spread identified in the cited U.S. outbreak
H5N1 is one of the few diseases where occupational exposure, food systems, animal surveillance, and pandemic-risk communications all converge in the same file.
Reference
Chikungunya
Pathogen: Chikungunya virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Chikungunya is a high-quality reporter disease because explosive outbreaks can be large, visually obvious, and politically disruptive even when mortality stays low.
Reference
Cholera
Pathogen: Vibrio cholerae
Transmission: Waterborne and sanitation linked
Cholera is one of the clearest diseases for showing how water, war, displacement, climate shocks, and state capacity become mortality.
Reference
Dengue
Pathogen: Dengue virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Dengue is now one of the best climate-and-city disease stories on earth because mosquito range, urban crowding, and health-system stress all show up in it.
Reference
Diphtheria
Pathogen: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Transmission: Respiratory droplets and close contact
Diphtheria is a strong communications disease because it turns abstract vaccination decline into immediately legible airway and mortality risk.
Last Major Outbreaks On File
Last major outbreak on file
Hantavirus syndrome
Pathogen: Hantaviruses, including Andes virus in the Americas
Transmission: Rodent exposure; limited person-to-person transmission has been documented for Andes virus
Cruise-ship linked cluster — WHO reported seven cases, including two laboratory-confirmed infections, three deaths, one critically ill patient and three mild suspected cases linked to cruise-ship travel.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: This is a rare but frightening severe-disease story where a single unusual cluster can force questions about travel safety, rodent exposure, and whether Andes-virus-style person-to-person spread is in play.
Desk note: Useful for rare severe respiratory clusters with rodent ecology or unusual travel-linked spread.
Research caveat: Small case counts and heterogeneous hantavirus species mean early claims about transmission mode can be unstable.
- Andes virus outbreaks in Argentina and Chile remain the canonical example of limited person-to-person hantavirus transmission.
Last major outbreak on file
Measles
Pathogen: Measles virus
Transmission: Airborne and respiratory
United States resurgence — CDC's national measles summary reported 2,288 confirmed U.S. measles cases in 2025, with most cases outbreak-associated and many linked to outbreaks that crossed jurisdictions.
Source: CDC Measles Cases and Outbreaks
Why reporters care: Measles is a clean reporter desk disease because it reveals vaccination gaps, school and household spread, travel-linked importation, and public-health capacity all at once.
Desk note: This is the disease to watch when vaccination gaps, school clusters, or travel-linked introductions begin to stack.
Research caveat: Administrative case totals and media tallies can lag or mix confirmed and probable cases across jurisdictions.
- 2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemic.
- 2019 Samoa outbreak.
Last major outbreak on file
Avian influenza A(H5N1)
Pathogen: Influenza A(H5N1)
Transmission: Animal-to-human exposure; no sustained person-to-person spread identified in the cited U.S. outbreak
Multistate U.S. dairy and poultry outbreak — CDC described an ongoing multistate H5N1 outbreak in dairy cows, poultry and other animals, with 70 confirmed human infections in the United States since April 2024 and no identified person-to-person spread.
Source: CDC Bird Flu Response Update
Why reporters care: H5N1 is one of the few diseases where occupational exposure, food systems, animal surveillance, and pandemic-risk communications all converge in the same file.
Desk note: A top-tier reporter desk disease because animal, occupational, food-system and pandemic-risk lines all converge here.
Research caveat: Risk estimates change fast because surveillance intensity varies by farm system, species, and jurisdiction.
- The current U.S. dairy-cattle episode changed the global H5N1 surveillance frame by moving the story deeper into mammalian agriculture.
Last major outbreak on file
Mpox
Pathogen: Monkeypox virus, including clade Ib and clade IIb
Transmission: Close physical contact, including sexual contact; household and healthcare transmission also occur
Broader clade Ib transmission — WHO reported broader transmission of clade Ib mpox, including locally acquired infections in multiple WHO regions and continued substantial outbreaks in African countries.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Mpox keeps generating news because social transmission networks, travel, stigma, clade differences, and global inequity collide in a single outbreak story.
Desk note: The key distinction to preserve is clade, mode of spread, and whether cases are travel-linked or locally acquired.
Research caveat: Case ascertainment varies heavily with access to testing and with how stigmatized the exposed population is.
- The 2022 multi-country clade IIb outbreak remains the watershed event for modern global mpox reporting.
Last major outbreak on file
Poliomyelitis / cVDPV2
Pathogen: Poliovirus, especially circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in the cited event
Transmission: Fecal-oral, water and sanitation linked
cVDPV2 detection in healthy children and environment — WHO classified the Papua New Guinea cVDPV2 detections as a polio outbreak after linked type 2 poliovirus was found in environmental samples and in stool specimens from two healthy children in Morobe province.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Polio is a near-eradication story where environmental detections, asymptomatic carriage, and vaccination politics matter as much as paralytic disease.
Desk note: Environmental detections matter here even when paralytic disease is not yet evident.
Research caveat: A single detection can matter a great deal, but risk interpretation depends on sequencing context and surveillance quality.
- Papua New Guinea also experienced a cVDPV1 outbreak in 2018.
Last major outbreak on file
Cholera
Pathogen: Vibrio cholerae
Transmission: Waterborne and sanitation linked
Ongoing global cholera upsurge — WHO's epidemiological update #36 reported 18,715 new cholera and acute watery diarrhoea cases and 269 deaths in February 2026 across 17 countries, with the highest burden in the African Region.
Source: WHO Cholera Epidemiological Update #36
Why reporters care: Cholera is one of the clearest diseases for showing how water, war, displacement, climate shocks, and state capacity become mortality.
Desk note: One of the clearest diseases where fragile infrastructure, displacement and mortality can move fast enough to outrun media attention.
Research caveat: Counts are often underestimates, and suspected-case definitions can vary sharply across humanitarian settings.
- The current WHO framing treats cholera as a prolonged global upsurge rather than a single isolated event.
Last major outbreak on file
Dengue
Pathogen: Dengue virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Unprecedented global 2024 surge — WHO's 2024 update recorded 14,434,584 dengue cases worldwide, including 11,201 deaths, with more than 90% of reported cases coming from the Region of the Americas.
Source: WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record
Why reporters care: Dengue is now one of the best climate-and-city disease stories on earth because mosquito range, urban crowding, and health-system stress all show up in it.
Desk note: This belongs near the top of any global outbreak desk because climate, vector range and urban vulnerability all keep widening the playing field.
Research caveat: Reported case totals can surge when testing changes, and severity comparisons across countries are often not apples to apples.
- Brazil alone reported more than 10 million cases in the cited WHO 2024 update.
Last major outbreak on file
Yellow fever
Pathogen: Yellow fever virus
Transmission: Mosquito-borne
Americas resurgence — WHO reported 212 confirmed yellow fever cases and 85 deaths in the Americas as of late April 2025, a threefold increase over 2024 totals.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Yellow fever matters because a rise in sylvatic spillover, urban encroachment, or vaccine gaps can turn a seemingly remote arbovirus story into a major regional emergency.
Desk note: When sylvatic transmission escapes its expected geography, this deserves very fast escalation.
Research caveat: Small outbreaks can still matter a lot, and cross-country comparisons are complicated by uneven surveillance and vaccination histories.
- The cited WHO update notes spread beyond the Amazon region into places such as Sao Paulo and Tolima.
Last major outbreak on file
Chikungunya
Pathogen: Chikungunya virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
2025 global resurgence — WHO reported 445,271 suspected and confirmed chikungunya cases and 155 deaths globally between 1 January and 30 September 2025, with outbreaks and resurgence across 40 countries.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Chikungunya is a high-quality reporter disease because explosive outbreaks can be large, visually obvious, and politically disruptive even when mortality stays low.
Desk note: A good desk will watch chikungunya alongside dengue because the vectors, differential and public-health burden overlap.
Research caveat: Many surveillance systems blur suspected and confirmed cases, and long-term symptom burden is often undercounted.
- The 2005-2006 La Reunion epidemic remains one of the signature modern chikungunya reference points.
Last major outbreak on file
Ebola virus disease
Pathogen: Ebola virus
Transmission: Direct contact with blood, body fluids or contaminated materials
Kasai Province outbreak — WHO reported 64 Ebola cases, including 45 deaths, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo outbreak that ended on 1 December 2025 after 42 days without a new confirmed case.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Ebola remains a defining outbreak-desk disease because healthcare transmission, funeral practices, state trust, and international alarm all move quickly around it.
Desk note: Nosocomial spread and funeral amplification remain crucial reporting clues.
Research caveat: Early outbreak counts can be highly unstable, especially when access and laboratory confirmation are limited.
- West Africa 2014-2016 remains the defining modern Ebola catastrophe.
Last major outbreak on file
Marburg virus disease
Pathogen: Marburg virus
Transmission: Direct contact with body fluids, contaminated materials and infected animal reservoirs
First recorded Ethiopian outbreak — WHO reported 19 total Marburg cases, including 14 confirmed and 14 deaths overall when probable cases are included, in Ethiopia's first recognized Marburg outbreak.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Marburg matters because even small clusters can force rapid reassessment of differential diagnosis, hospital preparedness, and regional spillover risk.
Desk note: Any unexplained hemorrhagic fever cluster in East Africa now has a slightly wider differential than it did a few years ago.
Research caveat: Outbreaks are usually small, so it is easy to overinterpret noisy early severity estimates.
- The first recognized Ethiopian outbreak widened the modern Marburg geography.
Last major outbreak on file
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
Pathogen: MERS-CoV
Transmission: Camel-to-human spillover and close-contact spread, especially in healthcare settings
Global update with Saudi and travel-associated French cases — WHO reported 19 MERS cases and four deaths globally in 2025 through 21 December, including healthcare-linked transmission in Saudi Arabia and imported cases in France.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: MERS remains a prototype hospital-cluster and travel-linked importation story where a modest case count can still matter a lot.
Desk note: For newsroom use, the hospital-cluster angle is often more important than the raw case count.
Research caveat: Severe-case bias can distort apparent fatality and make mild transmission less visible.
- The 2015 Republic of Korea outbreak remains the classic reminder that travel-linked hospital amplification can globalize a regional virus.
Last major outbreak on file
Anthrax
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis
Transmission: Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Cattle-linked cutaneous anthrax cluster — WHO reported confirmed human anthrax cases linked to cattle slaughter in Thailand, including at least one death and multiple hospitalized cutaneous anthrax cases.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Anthrax is a strong local accountability story because livestock practices, slaughter exposure, and rural reporting gaps can hide serious outbreaks in plain sight.
Desk note: Anthrax belongs in the desk because agricultural exposure clusters are often deeply local and easy to miss.
Research caveat: Early reports may not separate suspected cutaneous lesions from confirmed systemic disease.
- This was the first reported anthrax death in Thailand since 1994, according to WHO.
Last major outbreak on file
Rift Valley fever
Pathogen: Rift Valley fever virus
Transmission: Mosquito-borne and direct animal exposure
West African cross-border outbreak — WHO reported 404 confirmed human Rift Valley fever cases and 42 deaths across Mauritania and Senegal, with continued concern about mosquito ecology and livestock movement.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Rift Valley fever is one of the best One Health reporting files because rainfall, livestock, mosquitoes, and human disease all move together.
Desk note: This is classic One Health territory: weather, vectors, herds and human illness all move together.
Research caveat: Human and animal surveillance rarely line up perfectly, so early burden estimates can understate the scale.
- Cross-border livestock movement is one of the recurring reasons RVF repeatedly defeats narrow national framing.
Last major outbreak on file
Oropouche virus disease
Pathogen: Oropouche virus
Transmission: Midge and mosquito bites
Americas expansion — WHO reported 11,634 confirmed Oropouche cases and two deaths across ten countries and one territory as of 25 November 2024, with regional spread into places not previously reporting cases.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Oropouche deserves attention because it can masquerade as dengue-like illness while signaling that arboviral ecology is shifting into new places.
Desk note: Worth keeping visible because it can hide inside dengue-like syndrome surveillance.
Research caveat: Because testing is patchy, apparent expansion can reflect both true spread and better recognition.
- The 2024 expansion mattered because it turned Oropouche from a niche arbovirus story into a continental surveillance story.
Last major outbreak on file
Diphtheria
Pathogen: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Transmission: Respiratory droplets and close contact
African Region multi-country outbreak — WHO reported 20,412 suspected diphtheria cases and 1,252 deaths across eight African countries in 2025, with Nigeria carrying the largest share of the burden.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Diphtheria is a strong communications disease because it turns abstract vaccination decline into immediately legible airway and mortality risk.
Desk note: Diphtheria should function as a vaccination-systems alarm bell in this product.
Research caveat: Case definitions and laboratory confirmation can lag badly in large, stressed outbreaks.
- The scale and prolonged under-immunized burden make this more than a one-country story.
Last major outbreak on file
Zika virus disease
Pathogen: Zika virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes; vertical and sexual transmission also documented
Brazil-centered Americas epidemic — WHO's fact sheet still anchors the defining recent major Zika outbreak in the Brazil-led 2015 epidemic that triggered the 2016 PHEIC over microcephaly and congenital abnormalities.
Source: WHO Fact Sheet
Why reporters care: Zika matters because congenital outcomes, pregnancy guidance, travel messaging, and mosquito ecology can turn a mild-adult disease story into a major public-health communications event.
Desk note: For a reporter desk, congenital impact matters as much as raw incident case counts.
Research caveat: Serology is messy because of flavivirus cross-reactivity, so burden estimates and exposure histories can be difficult to interpret cleanly.
- WHO notes that transmission persists at low levels in several countries even after the peak epidemic passed.
Last major outbreak on file
Nipah virus disease
Pathogen: Nipah virus
Transmission: Bat spillover, contaminated food exposure, and person-to-person spread in close-contact settings
Kerala cluster — Recent South Asian Nipah reporting has continued to center on Kerala, where public-health responses have emphasized rapid contact tracing, hospital precautions, and fruit-bat spillover concern.
Source: WHO disease information
Why reporters care: Nipah is one of the few pathogens where even a small cluster can raise immediate questions about encephalitis, respiratory spread, hospital amplification, and pandemic risk.
Desk note: Nipah deserves special attention because respiratory and encephalitic framing can shift fast, and hospital spread matters.
Research caveat: Nipah outbreaks are often small and intensely scrutinized, which makes early severity and transmission claims prone to swing.
- Bangladesh and India outbreaks remain the core modern human-to-human Nipah reference points.
Last major outbreak on file
Legionnaires' disease
Pathogen: Legionella bacteria, especially Legionella pneumophila
Transmission: Aerosolized contaminated water; not usually person-to-person
Building and facility clusters — Legionnaires' disease remains a recurring built-environment outbreak problem, with cases often linked to cooling towers, healthcare facilities, hotels, and complex water systems rather than a single modern global event.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Legionnaires' is a very good local-news and accountability disease because buildings, hospitals, hotels, and cooling towers turn infrastructure failure into human pneumonia clusters.
Desk note: This is a strong reporter-desk disease because it sits at the intersection of environmental systems, hospitals, and local accountability.
Research caveat: Outbreak attribution can change as environmental testing catches up, so early blame assignment is often noisy.
- Facility-linked outbreaks are often underappreciated until environmental investigation catches up.
Last major outbreak on file
Pertussis
Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis
Transmission: Respiratory droplets
Post-pandemic resurgence pattern — Recent pertussis reporting has reflected broader post-pandemic resurgence patterns, with public-health attention on school clusters, infant protection, and under-recognition in older age groups.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Pertussis repeatedly becomes news because it combines school spread, infant risk, vaccine debates, and underrecognized adult transmission.
Desk note: Worth keeping on the desk because infant risk, school spread, and booster debates all make it newsy.
Research caveat: Reported burden depends heavily on testing intensity and clinical suspicion, so many systems still undercount adult disease.
- Pertussis repeatedly reminds reporters that vaccine-preventable does not mean epidemiologically solved.
Last major outbreak on file
Meningococcal disease
Pathogen: Neisseria meningitidis
Transmission: Respiratory and close-contact spread
Expanding meningitis belt pressure — WHO and regional reporting have continued to emphasize recurrent meningococcal meningitis pressure across meningitis-belt countries, where serogroup shifts and strained health systems can rapidly change outbreak control needs.
Source: WHO meningitis fact sheet
Why reporters care: Meningococcal disease is intensely newsworthy because it is fast, terrifying, often affects schools or young adults, and can force rapid public-health action.
Desk note: This belongs on the desk because local clusters can become national panic stories very quickly.
Research caveat: Single severe cases attract huge attention, but outbreak significance depends on linkage, serogroup, and public-health confirmation.
- Serogroup changes have repeatedly altered the control picture across the African meningitis belt.
Last major outbreak on file
Malaria
Pathogen: Plasmodium parasites, especially Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
Transmission: Anopheles mosquitoes
Persistent high-burden global transmission — WHO's recent malaria reporting continues to frame malaria less as a single outbreak than as a persistent high-burden transmission crisis shaped by insecticide resistance, climate variability, and health-system fragility.
Source: WHO malaria fact sheet
Why reporters care: Malaria is a foundational global-health reporting file because it links endemic burden, climate, resistance, conflict, childhood mortality, and rural neglect.
Desk note: Malaria deserves broader retrieval because a lot of important rural transmission news never gets framed as a headline outbreak.
Research caveat: Routine surveillance often underestimates burden, and comparisons across countries depend heavily on testing access and reporting completeness.
- For a desk product, seasonal or conflict-linked malaria spikes matter even when they are under-covered as news.
Last major outbreak on file
Norovirus
Pathogen: Norovirus
Transmission: Fecal-oral, foodborne, waterborne, and environmental contamination
Recurring cruise and institutional outbreaks — Norovirus remains one of the most recurrent outbreak categories for cruise ships, schools, and long-term-care facilities, with rapid attack rates and heavy local reporting but inconsistent national attention.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Norovirus is highly useful for a desk because it produces the kind of explosive local outbreak that readers immediately understand, especially on cruise ships and in institutions.
Desk note: This is one of the most reliable high-volume local outbreak categories and should be surfaced more aggressively.
Research caveat: Local outbreaks are numerous and inconsistently reported, so media visibility can badly misrepresent actual burden.
- Cruise-ship outbreaks keep reminding editors that enormous audience interest can attach to pathogens that are usually medically self-limited.
Last major outbreak on file
Hepatitis A
Pathogen: Hepatitis A virus
Transmission: Fecal-oral, foodborne, and close-contact spread
Recurrent foodborne and community outbreaks — Modern hepatitis A reporting repeatedly centers on foodborne clusters and prolonged community transmission in settings with sanitation stress or low vaccination coverage.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Hepatitis A is useful because it can move between foodborne recall, encampment, homelessness, travel, and sanitation stories without changing pathogen.
Desk note: Hepatitis A is a good example of a disease that toggles between local sanitation story, foodborne recall story, and vaccination story.
Research caveat: Long incubation makes exposure reconstruction difficult, so early source attribution can be shaky.
- Large U.S. person-to-person outbreaks in the late 2010s remain an important recent reference point.
Last major outbreak on file
Rabies
Pathogen: Rabies virus and related lyssaviruses
Transmission: Animal bites and saliva exposure
Persistent rural dog-mediated burden — WHO continues to frame rabies as a preventable but still deadly disease concentrated in underserved settings where dog vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis access remain inadequate.
Source: WHO fact sheet
Why reporters care: Rabies remains one of the starkest diseases in communications because nearly every symptomatic human case is a preventable systems failure.
Desk note: This is exactly the kind of severe rural infectious-disease burden that can disappear if the intake is too urban and too English-headline dependent.
Research caveat: Human case counts are often severe underestimates because diagnostic confirmation is limited where burden is highest.
- For desk purposes, rabies matters because devastating local stories keep happening even when rich-country editors barely notice.
Archive + Backfile
The browseable backfile for prior briefings, story continuity, and operational source-health context.
Dossier Archive
Operational Desk Health
Run state
43 live · 5 refresh cache · 0 fallback cache · 2 failed
This run stays visible even when a few sources wobble, but the desk now tells you when cached or failed collection paths shaped the file.
Refresh cache sources
Cached because the source was intentionally reused inside the refresh window.
- PubMed Historical Epidemiology
- PubMed Ancient Pathogen Genomics
- PubMed Historical Pathogen Case Studies
- California Department of Public Health News
- New York State Department of Health Press Releases
Fallback cache sources
These sources failed live but still contributed recent cached payloads.
None in this run.
Failed sources
These sources failed and did not contribute fresh content to this run.
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control — 522 Server Error: <none> for url: https://ncdc.gov.ng/feed/
- USDA APHIS Avian Influenza — HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.aphis.usda.gov', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8)
Archive Desk Notes
Why use the backfile
Use the archive when you care about when a story entered the dossier, how the frame changed, or what the desk looked like on a specific date.
Search behavior
Search still spans archive links and live cards together, so you can move between today’s desk and the backfile without changing tools.