Lead outbreak file
Ebola virus disease
New publisher/source coverage joined this story cluster: thehawk.in.
The Pathogen Dispatch
Unified desk navigation
The Edge of Epidemiology • Infectious disease intelligence desk
The Pathogen Dispatch
by The Edge of Epidemiology
Advanced search
Open structured filters and quick outbreak shortcuts only when you need them.
Search filters the visible cards on this page and the archive list.
Lead Outbreak Files
The top active files reporters should scan first before dropping into the wider desk.
Live story file
Avian influenza and H5N1
Cambodianess now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
Live story file
Measles transmission and vaccination
1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Live story file
Hantavirus and cruise-ship outbreak
The lead item has changed to Britain gets experimental drug from Japan to bolster hantavirus response from Reuters.
What Changed Today
The front page for the day: one short scan, one lead strip, and the secondary readings worth opening next.
Front-Page Scan
- Respiratory virus surveillance in the WHO African Region Epidemiological Week 19, May 4 to 10 2026
- Recommendations and Reports: CDC Operational Guidance for Investigating Locally Acquired Mosquito-Transmitted Malaria
- Tanzania National Oral Health Strategic Plan 2026-2031
- Candidates selected for ECDC Scientific Expert Panel on RSV vaccination in adults
- ECDC activates the EU Health Task Force, deploying experts to support Ebola outbreak response
- WHO declares Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo a Public Health Emergency of International Concern: ECDC continues monitoring
- Democratic Republic of the Congo confirms new Ebola outbreak, WHO scales up support
- ECDC monitoring Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 2 source(s) failed during collection: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, USDA APHIS Avian Influenza.
Lead News Strip
Lead file • Outbreaks and emerging infections
Respiratory virus surveillance in the WHO African Region Epidemiological Week 19, May 4 to 10 2026
Cumulatively from weeks 1 to 19, the WHO AFR influenza laboratory network has tested 25,293 sentinel surveillance specimens for SARS-CoV-2, of which 785 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (cumulative positivity rate 3.1%). SARS-CoV-2 In Epiweek 19, of the 908 specimens processed by 12 laboratories in the African Region, a total of 18 specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positivity of 2%). The following influenza viruses were identified: Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (n = 4), Influenza A (H3) (n = 19), Influenza A (subtyping not performed) (n = 36), Influenza B (lineage not determined) (n = 3), and Influenza B (Victoria) (n = 24).
Why it matters: Directly relevant to outbreak detection, transmission monitoring, or response. Comes from an official or primary-source channel.
Caveats / uncertainty: The summary stays close to the source language and should be read as an initial source note, not a final interpretation.
Occupational and environmental epidemiology
Recommendations and Reports: CDC Operational Guidance for Investigating Locally Acquired Mosquito-Transmitted Malaria
Recommendations and Reports / May 21, 2026 / 75(1);1â14 Nikhil Ranadive, MD 1 ,2 ,3 ; Joel L.N. Ridpath, MD 2 ( View author affiliations ) Guidance for Enhanced Investigation for Suspected Autochthonous Malaria Transmission During 2023, 10 cases of locally acquired mosquito-transmitted (autochthonous) malaria were reported to CDC from four U.S. states after a 20-year period with no autochthonous cases.
Outbreaks and emerging infections
Tanzania National Oral Health Strategic Plan 2026-2031
Guided by principles of professionalism, ethics, quality, innovation, equity, accountability, integrity, and affordability, the strategy focuses on six key priority areas: strengthening leadership and governance; enhancing human resources for oral health; improving the availability of commodities and equipment; expanding oral health promotion and disease prevention; upgrading oral healthcare services and infrastructure; and strengthening surveillance, monitoring, and research systems. Developed by the Ministry of Health in alignment with national health priorities and the WHO Global Strategy on Oral Health 2023–2030, the plan responds to the growing burden of oral diseases and builds on lessons and unfinished priorities from previous strategic plans. Implementation of the plan will be coordinated through national and sub-national health structures, supported by partnerships, resource mobilization, and routine monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Policy, surveillance, and public health infrastructure
Candidates selected for ECDC Scientific Expert Panel on RSV vaccination in adults
On 6 March 2026, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched a call for experts to join a new Scientific Expert Panel (SEP) to support the...
Policy, surveillance, and public health infrastructure
ECDC activates the EU Health Task Force, deploying experts to support Ebola outbreak response
In parallel, ECDC is in discussions with the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations and the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network regarding the possible deployment of additional experts as the situation evolves, for example, in infection prevention, epidemiology, surveillance, and risk communication, to support response activities in DRC and Uganda. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is deploying experts to support the response to the ongoing Ebola disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). They agreed on the details of collaboration, and ECDC will promptly deploy its experts to the region.
Global Watch
Major outbreaks, regional developments, and the cross-border signals worth following now.
Major Story Files
Lead outbreak file
Ebola virus disease
New publisher/source coverage joined this story cluster: thehawk.in.
Lead outbreak file
Avian influenza and H5N1
Cambodianess now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
Lead outbreak file
Measles transmission and vaccination
1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Lead outbreak file
Hantavirus and cruise-ship outbreak
The lead item has changed to Britain gets experimental drug from Japan to bolster hantavirus response from Reuters.
Lead outbreak file
Dengue and arboviruses
Outbreak News Today now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
Lead outbreak file
Historical epidemiology and ancient pathogens
The lead item has changed to Memories of Memórias: shaping a century of plague research and public health policy in BrazilFIRST REVIEW ROUND from PubMed Historical Pathogen Case Studies.
What Changed In Active Files
Outbreak File
Avian influenza and H5N1
Surveillance and biological characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses in Eastern China.
- Cambodianess now explicitly uses investigation or monitoring language.
- Cambodianess now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
- 1 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Outbreak File
Ebola virus disease
ECDC activates the EU Health Task Force, deploying experts to support Ebola outbreak response
- New publisher/source coverage joined this story cluster: thehawk.in.
- 6 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Outbreak File
Dengue and arboviruses
- Outbreak News Today now includes deaths or fatal cases in the story frame.
- 2 newly observed linked item(s) were added since the last saved snapshot.
Regional Watch
Regional outbreak watch
Africa
- Ebola outbreak in Congo's Ituri province: 246 suspected cases, 65 dead as region on alert
- Democratic Republic of the Congo confirms new Ebola outbreak, WHO scales up support
- A new Ebola outbreak is spreading through a remote Congo province, with 65 deaths recorded
- WHO chief concerned over ‘scale and speed’ of Ebola outbreak as Congo reports 134 dead
- Details on Ebola outbreak as Americans urged to avoid travel to Congo, Uganda, South Sudan
- Respiratory virus surveillance in the WHO African Region Epidemiological Week 19, May 4 to 10 2026
- Ebola Outbreak in Central Africa Could Last Months, W.H.O. Says
Regional outbreak watch
North America
- Ebola Outbreak: What to Know About Bundibugyo Virus Symptoms and Spread
- Why this Ebola outbreak will be so difficult to contain
- Recommendations and Reports: CDC Operational Guidance for Investigating Locally Acquired Mosquito-Transmitted Malaria
- Texas Impact: Ebola outbreak sparks travel rules ahead of World Cup matches
- American Man Tests Positive for Ebola Amid Outbreak, Officials Say
- Increase in Travel-Associated and Locally Acquired Dengue Cases
- CDC Mobilizes Interagency Response to African Ebola Outbreak
Regional outbreak watch
South Asia
- Gunmen kill 2 police officers assigned to protect polio workers in Pakistan - ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos
- Sri Lanka reports increase in dengue in 2026
- Evening news wrap: Jahangir Khan exits Falta re-poll race in Bengal; WHO raises alarm over Ebola outbreak & more
- Goa sees decline in dengue cases with health centres stepping up efforts
- Ebola Outbreak Turns Deadly: 120 Killed, Over 300 Cases Reported
- “India Fully Prepared”: Government Activates Ebola Surveillance After Global Health Emergency Alert
- Ebola Alert in India: Health Ministry Tightens Airport Screening Amid Global Outbreak Fears - No Cases Reporte
Regional outbreak watch
Europe
Regional outbreak watch
East Asia
Regional outbreak watch
Middle East
Regional outbreak watch
Southeast Asia
Research + Reference
The evergreen layer: disease intelligence sheets, outbreak backstory, literature worth saving, and the historical corner.
Disease Intelligence Desk
Reference
Ebola virus disease
Pathogen: Ebola viruses, including Bundibugyo virus in the current DRC/Uganda outbreak
Transmission: Direct contact with blood, body fluids or contaminated materials
Ebola remains a defining outbreak-desk disease because healthcare transmission, funeral practices, laboratory capacity, community trust, and international alarm can all move faster than the confirmed count.
Reference
Hantavirus syndrome
Pathogen: Hantaviruses, including Andes virus in the Americas
Transmission: Rodent exposure; limited person-to-person transmission has been documented for Andes virus
This is a rare but frightening severe-disease story where a single unusual cluster can force questions about travel safety, rodent exposure, and whether Andes-virus-style person-to-person spread is in play.
Reference
Measles
Pathogen: Measles virus
Transmission: Airborne and respiratory
Measles is a clean reporter desk disease because it reveals vaccination gaps, school and household spread, travel-linked importation, and public-health capacity all at once.
Reference
Anthrax
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis
Transmission: Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Anthrax is a strong local accountability story because livestock practices, slaughter exposure, and rural reporting gaps can hide serious outbreaks in plain sight.
Reference
Avian influenza A(H5N1)
Pathogen: Influenza A(H5N1)
Transmission: Animal-to-human exposure; no sustained person-to-person spread identified in the cited U.S. outbreak
H5N1 is one of the few diseases where occupational exposure, food systems, animal surveillance, and pandemic-risk communications all converge in the same file.
Reference
Chikungunya
Pathogen: Chikungunya virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Chikungunya is a high-quality reporter disease because explosive outbreaks can be large, visually obvious, and politically disruptive even when mortality stays low.
Reference
Cholera
Pathogen: Vibrio cholerae
Transmission: Waterborne and sanitation linked
Cholera is one of the clearest diseases for showing how water, war, displacement, climate shocks, and state capacity become mortality.
Reference
Dengue
Pathogen: Dengue virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Dengue is now one of the best climate-and-city disease stories on earth because mosquito range, urban crowding, and health-system stress all show up in it.
Last Major Outbreaks On File
Last major outbreak on file
Hantavirus syndrome
Pathogen: Hantaviruses, including Andes virus in the Americas
Transmission: Rodent exposure; limited person-to-person transmission has been documented for Andes virus
Cruise-ship linked cluster — WHO reported seven cases, including two laboratory-confirmed infections, three deaths, one critically ill patient and three mild suspected cases linked to cruise-ship travel.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: This is a rare but frightening severe-disease story where a single unusual cluster can force questions about travel safety, rodent exposure, and whether Andes-virus-style person-to-person spread is in play.
Desk note: Useful for rare severe respiratory clusters with rodent ecology or unusual travel-linked spread.
Research caveat: Small case counts and heterogeneous hantavirus species mean early claims about transmission mode can be unstable.
- Andes virus outbreaks in Argentina and Chile remain the canonical example of limited person-to-person hantavirus transmission.
Last major outbreak on file
Measles
Pathogen: Measles virus
Transmission: Airborne and respiratory
United States resurgence — CDC's national measles summary reported 2,288 confirmed U.S. measles cases in 2025, with most cases outbreak-associated and many linked to outbreaks that crossed jurisdictions.
Source: CDC Measles Cases and Outbreaks
Why reporters care: Measles is a clean reporter desk disease because it reveals vaccination gaps, school and household spread, travel-linked importation, and public-health capacity all at once.
Desk note: This is the disease to watch when vaccination gaps, school clusters, or travel-linked introductions begin to stack.
Research caveat: Administrative case totals and media tallies can lag or mix confirmed and probable cases across jurisdictions.
- 2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemic.
- 2019 Samoa outbreak.
Last major outbreak on file
Avian influenza A(H5N1)
Pathogen: Influenza A(H5N1)
Transmission: Animal-to-human exposure; no sustained person-to-person spread identified in the cited U.S. outbreak
Multistate U.S. dairy and poultry outbreak — CDC described an ongoing multistate H5N1 outbreak in dairy cows, poultry and other animals, with 70 confirmed human infections in the United States since April 2024 and no identified person-to-person spread.
Source: CDC Bird Flu Response Update
Why reporters care: H5N1 is one of the few diseases where occupational exposure, food systems, animal surveillance, and pandemic-risk communications all converge in the same file.
Desk note: A top-tier reporter desk disease because animal, occupational, food-system and pandemic-risk lines all converge here.
Research caveat: Risk estimates change fast because surveillance intensity varies by farm system, species, and jurisdiction.
- The current U.S. dairy-cattle episode changed the global H5N1 surveillance frame by moving the story deeper into mammalian agriculture.
Last major outbreak on file
Mpox
Pathogen: Monkeypox virus, including clade Ib and clade IIb
Transmission: Close physical contact, including sexual contact; household and healthcare transmission also occur
Broader clade Ib transmission — WHO reported broader transmission of clade Ib mpox, including locally acquired infections in multiple WHO regions and continued substantial outbreaks in African countries.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Mpox keeps generating news because social transmission networks, travel, stigma, clade differences, and global inequity collide in a single outbreak story.
Desk note: The key distinction to preserve is clade, mode of spread, and whether cases are travel-linked or locally acquired.
Research caveat: Case ascertainment varies heavily with access to testing and with how stigmatized the exposed population is.
- The 2022 multi-country clade IIb outbreak remains the watershed event for modern global mpox reporting.
Last major outbreak on file
Poliomyelitis / cVDPV2
Pathogen: Poliovirus, especially circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in the cited event
Transmission: Fecal-oral, water and sanitation linked
cVDPV2 detection in healthy children and environment — WHO classified the Papua New Guinea cVDPV2 detections as a polio outbreak after linked type 2 poliovirus was found in environmental samples and in stool specimens from two healthy children in Morobe province.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Polio is a near-eradication story where environmental detections, asymptomatic carriage, and vaccination politics matter as much as paralytic disease.
Desk note: Environmental detections matter here even when paralytic disease is not yet evident.
Research caveat: A single detection can matter a great deal, but risk interpretation depends on sequencing context and surveillance quality.
- Papua New Guinea also experienced a cVDPV1 outbreak in 2018.
Last major outbreak on file
Cholera
Pathogen: Vibrio cholerae
Transmission: Waterborne and sanitation linked
Ongoing global cholera upsurge — WHO's epidemiological update #36 reported 18,715 new cholera and acute watery diarrhoea cases and 269 deaths in February 2026 across 17 countries, with the highest burden in the African Region.
Source: WHO Cholera Epidemiological Update #36
Why reporters care: Cholera is one of the clearest diseases for showing how water, war, displacement, climate shocks, and state capacity become mortality.
Desk note: One of the clearest diseases where fragile infrastructure, displacement and mortality can move fast enough to outrun media attention.
Research caveat: Counts are often underestimates, and suspected-case definitions can vary sharply across humanitarian settings.
- The current WHO framing treats cholera as a prolonged global upsurge rather than a single isolated event.
Last major outbreak on file
Dengue
Pathogen: Dengue virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
Unprecedented global 2024 surge — WHO's 2024 update recorded 14,434,584 dengue cases worldwide, including 11,201 deaths, with more than 90% of reported cases coming from the Region of the Americas.
Source: WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record
Why reporters care: Dengue is now one of the best climate-and-city disease stories on earth because mosquito range, urban crowding, and health-system stress all show up in it.
Desk note: This belongs near the top of any global outbreak desk because climate, vector range and urban vulnerability all keep widening the playing field.
Research caveat: Reported case totals can surge when testing changes, and severity comparisons across countries are often not apples to apples.
- Brazil alone reported more than 10 million cases in the cited WHO 2024 update.
Last major outbreak on file
Yellow fever
Pathogen: Yellow fever virus
Transmission: Mosquito-borne
Americas resurgence — WHO reported 212 confirmed yellow fever cases and 85 deaths in the Americas as of late April 2025, a threefold increase over 2024 totals.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Yellow fever matters because a rise in sylvatic spillover, urban encroachment, or vaccine gaps can turn a seemingly remote arbovirus story into a major regional emergency.
Desk note: When sylvatic transmission escapes its expected geography, this deserves very fast escalation.
Research caveat: Small outbreaks can still matter a lot, and cross-country comparisons are complicated by uneven surveillance and vaccination histories.
- The cited WHO update notes spread beyond the Amazon region into places such as Sao Paulo and Tolima.
Last major outbreak on file
Chikungunya
Pathogen: Chikungunya virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes
2025 global resurgence — WHO reported 445,271 suspected and confirmed chikungunya cases and 155 deaths globally between 1 January and 30 September 2025, with outbreaks and resurgence across 40 countries.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Chikungunya is a high-quality reporter disease because explosive outbreaks can be large, visually obvious, and politically disruptive even when mortality stays low.
Desk note: A good desk will watch chikungunya alongside dengue because the vectors, differential and public-health burden overlap.
Research caveat: Many surveillance systems blur suspected and confirmed cases, and long-term symptom burden is often undercounted.
- The 2005-2006 La Reunion epidemic remains one of the signature modern chikungunya reference points.
Last major outbreak on file
Ebola virus disease
Pathogen: Ebola viruses, including Bundibugyo virus in the current DRC/Uganda outbreak
Transmission: Direct contact with blood, body fluids or contaminated materials
2026 Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak — Africa CDC declared the ongoing Bundibugyo ebolavirus disease outbreak affecting DRC and Uganda a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security on 18 May 2026, reporting about 395 suspected cases and 106 associated deaths in DRC and two cases with one death in Kampala, Uganda.
Source: Africa CDC PHECS declaration
CDC overviewCDC current situationWHO fact sheetWHO Disease Outbreak NewsAfrica CDC PHECS declaration
Why reporters care: Ebola remains a defining outbreak-desk disease because healthcare transmission, funeral practices, laboratory capacity, community trust, and international alarm can all move faster than the confirmed count.
Desk note: Track the gap between suspected deaths and confirmed cases, not just the latest confirmed total. For fast-moving Ebola, testing delays, unsafe burials, health-worker infections, and contact follow-up failures are outbreak intelligence.
Research caveat: Early Ebola counts are often an accounting artifact as much as an epidemic curve. When access, insecurity, transport, and laboratory confirmation lag, suspected cases and deaths can be a better warning signal than confirmed cases alone.
- Ebola was first identified in 1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- The 2007 Bundibugyo outbreak in Uganda established Bundibugyo virus as a distinct Ebola-causing species.
- West Africa 2014-2016 remains the defining modern Ebola catastrophe.
- The 2018-2020 eastern DRC Ebola outbreak showed how insecurity, mobility, healthcare transmission, and community trust can make control brutally hard even with modern countermeasures.
Last major outbreak on file
Marburg virus disease
Pathogen: Marburg virus
Transmission: Direct contact with body fluids, contaminated materials and infected animal reservoirs
First recorded Ethiopian outbreak — WHO reported 19 total Marburg cases, including 14 confirmed and 14 deaths overall when probable cases are included, in Ethiopia's first recognized Marburg outbreak.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Marburg matters because even small clusters can force rapid reassessment of differential diagnosis, hospital preparedness, and regional spillover risk.
Desk note: Any unexplained hemorrhagic fever cluster in East Africa now has a slightly wider differential than it did a few years ago.
Research caveat: Outbreaks are usually small, so it is easy to overinterpret noisy early severity estimates.
- The first recognized Ethiopian outbreak widened the modern Marburg geography.
Last major outbreak on file
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
Pathogen: MERS-CoV
Transmission: Camel-to-human spillover and close-contact spread, especially in healthcare settings
Global update with Saudi and travel-associated French cases — WHO reported 19 MERS cases and four deaths globally in 2025 through 21 December, including healthcare-linked transmission in Saudi Arabia and imported cases in France.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: MERS remains a prototype hospital-cluster and travel-linked importation story where a modest case count can still matter a lot.
Desk note: For newsroom use, the hospital-cluster angle is often more important than the raw case count.
Research caveat: Severe-case bias can distort apparent fatality and make mild transmission less visible.
- The 2015 Republic of Korea outbreak remains the classic reminder that travel-linked hospital amplification can globalize a regional virus.
Last major outbreak on file
Anthrax
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis
Transmission: Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Cattle-linked cutaneous anthrax cluster — WHO reported confirmed human anthrax cases linked to cattle slaughter in Thailand, including at least one death and multiple hospitalized cutaneous anthrax cases.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Anthrax is a strong local accountability story because livestock practices, slaughter exposure, and rural reporting gaps can hide serious outbreaks in plain sight.
Desk note: Anthrax belongs in the desk because agricultural exposure clusters are often deeply local and easy to miss.
Research caveat: Early reports may not separate suspected cutaneous lesions from confirmed systemic disease.
- This was the first reported anthrax death in Thailand since 1994, according to WHO.
Last major outbreak on file
Rift Valley fever
Pathogen: Rift Valley fever virus
Transmission: Mosquito-borne and direct animal exposure
West African cross-border outbreak — WHO reported 404 confirmed human Rift Valley fever cases and 42 deaths across Mauritania and Senegal, with continued concern about mosquito ecology and livestock movement.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Rift Valley fever is one of the best One Health reporting files because rainfall, livestock, mosquitoes, and human disease all move together.
Desk note: This is classic One Health territory: weather, vectors, herds and human illness all move together.
Research caveat: Human and animal surveillance rarely line up perfectly, so early burden estimates can understate the scale.
- Cross-border livestock movement is one of the recurring reasons RVF repeatedly defeats narrow national framing.
Last major outbreak on file
Oropouche virus disease
Pathogen: Oropouche virus
Transmission: Midge and mosquito bites
Americas expansion — WHO reported 11,634 confirmed Oropouche cases and two deaths across ten countries and one territory as of 25 November 2024, with regional spread into places not previously reporting cases.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Oropouche deserves attention because it can masquerade as dengue-like illness while signaling that arboviral ecology is shifting into new places.
Desk note: Worth keeping visible because it can hide inside dengue-like syndrome surveillance.
Research caveat: Because testing is patchy, apparent expansion can reflect both true spread and better recognition.
- The 2024 expansion mattered because it turned Oropouche from a niche arbovirus story into a continental surveillance story.
Last major outbreak on file
Diphtheria
Pathogen: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Transmission: Respiratory droplets and close contact
African Region multi-country outbreak — WHO reported 20,412 suspected diphtheria cases and 1,252 deaths across eight African countries in 2025, with Nigeria carrying the largest share of the burden.
Source: WHO Disease Outbreak News
Why reporters care: Diphtheria is a strong communications disease because it turns abstract vaccination decline into immediately legible airway and mortality risk.
Desk note: Diphtheria should function as a vaccination-systems alarm bell in this product.
Research caveat: Case definitions and laboratory confirmation can lag badly in large, stressed outbreaks.
- The scale and prolonged under-immunized burden make this more than a one-country story.
Last major outbreak on file
Zika virus disease
Pathogen: Zika virus
Transmission: Aedes mosquitoes; vertical and sexual transmission also documented
Brazil-centered Americas epidemic — WHO's fact sheet still anchors the defining recent major Zika outbreak in the Brazil-led 2015 epidemic that triggered the 2016 PHEIC over microcephaly and congenital abnormalities.
Source: WHO Fact Sheet
Why reporters care: Zika matters because congenital outcomes, pregnancy guidance, travel messaging, and mosquito ecology can turn a mild-adult disease story into a major public-health communications event.
Desk note: For a reporter desk, congenital impact matters as much as raw incident case counts.
Research caveat: Serology is messy because of flavivirus cross-reactivity, so burden estimates and exposure histories can be difficult to interpret cleanly.
- WHO notes that transmission persists at low levels in several countries even after the peak epidemic passed.
Last major outbreak on file
Nipah virus disease
Pathogen: Nipah virus
Transmission: Bat spillover, contaminated food exposure, and person-to-person spread in close-contact settings
Kerala cluster — Recent South Asian Nipah reporting has continued to center on Kerala, where public-health responses have emphasized rapid contact tracing, hospital precautions, and fruit-bat spillover concern.
Source: WHO disease information
Why reporters care: Nipah is one of the few pathogens where even a small cluster can raise immediate questions about encephalitis, respiratory spread, hospital amplification, and pandemic risk.
Desk note: Nipah deserves special attention because respiratory and encephalitic framing can shift fast, and hospital spread matters.
Research caveat: Nipah outbreaks are often small and intensely scrutinized, which makes early severity and transmission claims prone to swing.
- Bangladesh and India outbreaks remain the core modern human-to-human Nipah reference points.
Last major outbreak on file
Legionnaires' disease
Pathogen: Legionella bacteria, especially Legionella pneumophila
Transmission: Aerosolized contaminated water; not usually person-to-person
Building and facility clusters — Legionnaires' disease remains a recurring built-environment outbreak problem, with cases often linked to cooling towers, healthcare facilities, hotels, and complex water systems rather than a single modern global event.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Legionnaires' is a very good local-news and accountability disease because buildings, hospitals, hotels, and cooling towers turn infrastructure failure into human pneumonia clusters.
Desk note: This is a strong reporter-desk disease because it sits at the intersection of environmental systems, hospitals, and local accountability.
Research caveat: Outbreak attribution can change as environmental testing catches up, so early blame assignment is often noisy.
- Facility-linked outbreaks are often underappreciated until environmental investigation catches up.
Last major outbreak on file
Pertussis
Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis
Transmission: Respiratory droplets
Post-pandemic resurgence pattern — Recent pertussis reporting has reflected broader post-pandemic resurgence patterns, with public-health attention on school clusters, infant protection, and under-recognition in older age groups.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Pertussis repeatedly becomes news because it combines school spread, infant risk, vaccine debates, and underrecognized adult transmission.
Desk note: Worth keeping on the desk because infant risk, school spread, and booster debates all make it newsy.
Research caveat: Reported burden depends heavily on testing intensity and clinical suspicion, so many systems still undercount adult disease.
- Pertussis repeatedly reminds reporters that vaccine-preventable does not mean epidemiologically solved.
Last major outbreak on file
Meningococcal disease
Pathogen: Neisseria meningitidis
Transmission: Respiratory and close-contact spread
Expanding meningitis belt pressure — WHO and regional reporting have continued to emphasize recurrent meningococcal meningitis pressure across meningitis-belt countries, where serogroup shifts and strained health systems can rapidly change outbreak control needs.
Source: WHO meningitis fact sheet
Why reporters care: Meningococcal disease is intensely newsworthy because it is fast, terrifying, often affects schools or young adults, and can force rapid public-health action.
Desk note: This belongs on the desk because local clusters can become national panic stories very quickly.
Research caveat: Single severe cases attract huge attention, but outbreak significance depends on linkage, serogroup, and public-health confirmation.
- Serogroup changes have repeatedly altered the control picture across the African meningitis belt.
Last major outbreak on file
Malaria
Pathogen: Plasmodium parasites, especially Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
Transmission: Anopheles mosquitoes
Persistent high-burden global transmission — WHO's recent malaria reporting continues to frame malaria less as a single outbreak than as a persistent high-burden transmission crisis shaped by insecticide resistance, climate variability, and health-system fragility.
Source: WHO malaria fact sheet
Why reporters care: Malaria is a foundational global-health reporting file because it links endemic burden, climate, resistance, conflict, childhood mortality, and rural neglect.
Desk note: Malaria deserves broader retrieval because a lot of important rural transmission news never gets framed as a headline outbreak.
Research caveat: Routine surveillance often underestimates burden, and comparisons across countries depend heavily on testing access and reporting completeness.
- For a desk product, seasonal or conflict-linked malaria spikes matter even when they are under-covered as news.
Last major outbreak on file
Norovirus
Pathogen: Norovirus
Transmission: Fecal-oral, foodborne, waterborne, and environmental contamination
Recurring cruise and institutional outbreaks — Norovirus remains one of the most recurrent outbreak categories for cruise ships, schools, and long-term-care facilities, with rapid attack rates and heavy local reporting but inconsistent national attention.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Norovirus is highly useful for a desk because it produces the kind of explosive local outbreak that readers immediately understand, especially on cruise ships and in institutions.
Desk note: This is one of the most reliable high-volume local outbreak categories and should be surfaced more aggressively.
Research caveat: Local outbreaks are numerous and inconsistently reported, so media visibility can badly misrepresent actual burden.
- Cruise-ship outbreaks keep reminding editors that enormous audience interest can attach to pathogens that are usually medically self-limited.
Last major outbreak on file
Hepatitis A
Pathogen: Hepatitis A virus
Transmission: Fecal-oral, foodborne, and close-contact spread
Recurrent foodborne and community outbreaks — Modern hepatitis A reporting repeatedly centers on foodborne clusters and prolonged community transmission in settings with sanitation stress or low vaccination coverage.
Source: CDC overview
Why reporters care: Hepatitis A is useful because it can move between foodborne recall, encampment, homelessness, travel, and sanitation stories without changing pathogen.
Desk note: Hepatitis A is a good example of a disease that toggles between local sanitation story, foodborne recall story, and vaccination story.
Research caveat: Long incubation makes exposure reconstruction difficult, so early source attribution can be shaky.
- Large U.S. person-to-person outbreaks in the late 2010s remain an important recent reference point.
Last major outbreak on file
Rabies
Pathogen: Rabies virus and related lyssaviruses
Transmission: Animal bites and saliva exposure
Persistent rural dog-mediated burden — WHO continues to frame rabies as a preventable but still deadly disease concentrated in underserved settings where dog vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis access remain inadequate.
Source: WHO fact sheet
Why reporters care: Rabies remains one of the starkest diseases in communications because nearly every symptomatic human case is a preventable systems failure.
Desk note: This is exactly the kind of severe rural infectious-disease burden that can disappear if the intake is too urban and too English-headline dependent.
Research caveat: Human case counts are often severe underestimates because diagnostic confirmation is limited where burden is highest.
- For desk purposes, rabies matters because devastating local stories keep happening even when rich-country editors barely notice.
Archive + Backfile
The browseable backfile for prior briefings, story continuity, and operational source-health context.
Dossier Archive
Operational Desk Health
Run state
55 live · 0 refresh cache · 0 fallback cache · 2 failed
This run stays visible even when a few sources wobble, but the desk now tells you when cached or failed collection paths shaped the file.
Refresh cache sources
Cached because the source was intentionally reused inside the refresh window.
None in this run.
Fallback cache sources
These sources failed live but still contributed recent cached payloads.
None in this run.
Failed sources
These sources failed and did not contribute fresh content to this run.
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control — 522 Server Error: <none> for url: https://ncdc.gov.ng/feed/
- USDA APHIS Avian Influenza — HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.aphis.usda.gov', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8)
Archive Desk Notes
Why use the backfile
Use the archive when you care about when a story entered the dossier, how the frame changed, or what the desk looked like on a specific date.
Search behavior
Search still spans archive links and live cards together, so you can move between today’s desk and the backfile without changing tools.